Kupanga

Pazaka 35 zapitazi, mafakitale achitsulo ndi zitsulo awona kusintha kwakukulu.Mu 1980 716 mln matani zitsulo anapangidwa ndi mayiko otsatirawa anali mwa atsogoleri: USSR (21% ya padziko lonse zitsulo kupanga), Japan (16%), USA (14%), Germany (6%), China (5%). ), Italy (4%), France ndi Poland (3%), Canada ndi Brazil (2%).Malingana ndi World Steel Association (WSA), mu 2014 kupanga zitsulo zapadziko lonse kunali 1665 mln tonnes - kukwera kwa 1% poyerekeza ndi 2013. Mndandanda wa mayiko otsogolera wasintha kwambiri.China ili patsogolo ndipo ili patsogolo pa mayiko ena (60% ya kupanga zitsulo padziko lonse), gawo la mayiko ena ochokera pamwamba-10 ndi 2-8% - Japan (8%), USA ndi India (6%), South. Korea ndi Russia (5%), Germany (3%), Turkey, Brazil ndi Taiwan (2%) (onani Chithunzi 2).Kupatula China, maiko ena omwe alimbitsa malo awo pamwamba pa 10 ndi India, South Korea, Brazil ndi Turkey.

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Chitsulo chamitundu yonse (chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo ndi chitsulo chogudubuza) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga pachuma chamakono chapadziko lonse lapansi.Imakhala ndi malo otsogola pantchito yomanga patsogolo pamitengo, kupikisana ndi simenti ndikulumikizana nayo (ferroconcrete), ndikupikisanabe ndi mitundu yatsopano ya zida zomangira (polimers, ceramics).Kwa zaka zambiri, makampani opanga uinjiniya akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo kuposa mafakitale ena aliwonse.Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi kumadziwika ndi kukwera.Kukula kwapakati pazakudya mu 2014 kunali 3%.Kukula kochepa kumawonedwa m'mayiko otukuka (2%).Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ali ndi zitsulo zambiri (1,133 mln tonnes).